Notes Unit 4
You have 46 chromosomes - 23 from your mom and 23 from your dad
Chromosomes carry genetic information in the nucleus of your cells
Probability: chances of something happening (%)
Heredity: the passing of traits from parent to offspring
Genes: instructions for an inherited trait
alleles: Different forms of a gene
Characteristic: a larger, broader version (ie. hair color)
Trait: Specific forms of a characteristic
Traits are like curly, where the characteristic would be hair
alleles are singular - allele
Punnetts Square: Used to organize different gene combinations
Homogenous/Homozygous: same genes
Heterogenous/heterozygous: different genes
Dominant: stronger, will show
Recessive: weaker will not always show and sometimes skips a generation
Phenotype: what appears - what is seen by the world
Genotype: what's on the inside (the genes)
Sex traits: XX (Female), XY (Male)
Pedigree: diagram used to chart a trait in a family tree
Circle is female, male is square.
Colored in is "has the trait", blank does not - half colored in means heterozygous (and it depends on if the trait is dominant or not if it will appear)
In a plant - they can self-polinate (clone) or cross polinate (two plants fertilize one seed) - humans cannot self-polinate - plants have both male and female parts.
Co dominant: Equal dominance in a phenotype (purple with white spots)
Incomplete Dominance: combination of traits - like lavender
